Orangeburg, also known as "The Garden City," is the largest city and county seat of Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 12,765 at the 2000 census. The population has steadily declined since the 1950s. It is the county seat of Orangeburg County. The city is located southeast of Columbia, on the north fork of the Edisto River.

A civil rights protest was staged at a whites-only bowling alley in Orangeburg on February 8, 1968. In what would become known as the Orangeburg Massacre, officers of the SC Highway Patrol became involved in an altercation with the protesters. The officers fired into the crowd, killing 3 and wounding 27.

In May of 2000, the city created the Orangeburg County Community of Character initiative, which is a collaborative effort by the Downtown Orangeburg Revitalization Association (DORA), The Times and Democrat newspaper, the Orangeburg County Chamber of Commerce, and the Orangeburg County Development Commission.

In 2005, the National Civic League awarded Orangeburg County with the coveted All-America City Award (which can be awarded to either a city or a county), which recognizes and encourages civic excellence and honors communities in which citizens, government, businesses, and non-profit organizations demonstrate successful resolution of critical community issues.

Orangeburg, named for William IV, Prince of Orange, the son-in-law of King George II, of England, was first settled in 1704 by an Indian trader, George Sterling.